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A TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF OUR ANCESTORS. 



t SERMON 



o'C!C5asioni£'d by the death ot 






DELIVERED JUNE 



HY 



REV. B, M SMITH. 

HIE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
RING. AUGUSTA I 01 NT1 



B L I S H 1 



fAUNTOJS 



A TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF OUR ANCESTORS, 



A SERMON, 

OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF 
DELIVERED JUNE 4, 1843, 

BY 

REV. B. M. SMITH, 

PASTOR OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF TINKLING 
PRING, AUGUSTA COUNTY, VA. 



PUBLISHED BY REQUEST, 
STAUNTON . 

PRINTED BY KENTON HARTEK. 
1813, 



3P® MIS E&OTIalMB 
THIS SEH3S10N 

IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 

THE AUTHOR: 



SERMON 



Deut. 32 : 7. 

Remember the days of old. 

The Jewish historian, inspired to record whatever, relating 
to his remarkable nation, might serve for the instruction and 
admonition of mankind, has presented in this chapter, on the 
one hand, a most eloquent and impressive exhibition of the dis- 
plays of Divine mercy and goodness to the chosen tribes ; and 
on the other, a faithful description of their rebellious and un- 
grateful conduct. 

It is impossible to peruse such summaries, touching the his- 
tory of this wonderful people, without acknowledging their 
adaptation to the purpose of instructing mankind. Some have 
thought, they discovered in many striking features, a remarka- 
ble similarity in the dispensations of God towards our own na- 
tion, and those, here recorded, towards the Jews. Without 
pretending to decide on the propriety of this suggestion, it may 
be permitted, under the general observation, just -offered, to 
apply the exhortation of the text to our instruction on this in- 
teresting occasion. 

It is true, our fathers were not descendants from a heathen 
ancestor, chosen of God, by express revelation, led by remark- 
able providences, encouraged by extraordinary promises, and 
taught by angelic ambassadors ; — they were never under the 
galling yoke of Egyptian bondage, " hewers of wood and 
drawers of water" to foreign despots; nor were they conducted 



by a high hand and an outstretched arm, by signs and wonders 
in Heaven above, on the earth beneath, and in the waters under 
the earth, to a land of promise. No sea opened, for them, a 
passage through its floods ; no mountain burned with fire, blaz- 
ing in the lightnings and echoing to the pealing thunder, which 
announced the presence of Jehovah, to instruct them in His 
Law. No rock burst forth with perennial streams, at the touch 
of their Moses, to allay their thirst ; no heavens were darkened 
by hosts of birds hasting to be their food ; and no earth, white 
with the honied manna, appeased their hunger while it rebuked 
their infidelity. No Jordan parted before the symbols of their 
Faith, borne by the Teachers of their Religion ; and the walls 
of no Jericho fell before the miraculous power of the trumpets 
of their warfare. But shall we say for all this, that the God of 
all the world, " without whom not a sparrow falls to the ground," 
has sat an uninterested spectator of our fortunes ? If our ances- 
try sprung from no Abraham, they could say, " though Abraham 
be ignorant of us and Israel acknowledge us not," the Lord was 
our " Father and our Redeemer." They were, to a great ex- 
tent, the seed of those, whom God acknowledged to be his 
adopted children, by the fiery furnace of persecution for " Right- 
eousness sake." If the ocean did not open to them a drypath, 
its winds and its waves received commandment from Him who 
holdeth them in his fist, to bear them safely to their desired 
haven. Though God appeared to no Indian Balaam, preventing 
the fierce purposes of a Balak, yet how wonderfully did his pro- 
vidential care often seem to say to the untutored savage, " touch 
not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm." Though 
not wasted for their sins in a barren wilderness, yet let us never 
forget the lessons of wisdom, they, alike with the Jews, were 
taught, when suffering for unmindfulness of that first of all 
christian principles in Prudence, " Trust in the Lord, and do 
good," " Cease ye from man whose breath is in his nostrils." 
If no thunder from Sinai taught them God's Law, yet did He, 
in his Providence, permit them to hear, with extraordinary clear- 
ness and faithfulness, by his appointed ministry, in the days of 
our national infancy, the gentler sounds of Gospel Mercy, 
preached in purity and power. If no iron-handed despotism 



oppressed their energies, they early discovered, that it was only 
withheld, till they were no longer too few to be profitable, nor 
yet too many to be feared. If deliverance were wrought by no 
storms and fires and famines, and bloody streams and midnight 
wailings over the work of a destroying angel, or by no Moses, 
with his miracle working rod, yet God, by his Providence taught 
their Faith to trust, neither in the horse, nor in chariots, but 
"in the name of the Lord their God." Pharaoh and his Host 
were confounded in the Red Sea ; God confounded their enemies 
in their own council chambers. Egypt was taught by plagues 
and tornadoes, by disease and death, to know her ruinous po- 
licy ; and England learned the same, by the expense of a war, 
which in a few years swelled her national debt nearly five hun- 
dred million dollars. In short, we believe that in instances too 
numerous for present detail, God, by his Providence towards our 
fathers, has laid us under perpetual obligations to read and pon- 
der with a personal application, this portion of his Truth, and 
especially the words of the Text, " Remember the days of old." 
Nor do I consider it a departure from the spirit of this passage, 
somewhat to enlarge its application. Moses' Song is composed 
of a melancholy lamentation over Jewish stubbornness and 
apostacy, and a triumphant vindication of God's holy and right- 
eous ways, as well as mercy, kindness and love to his people. 
God, in his Providence, permits us in " remembering the days 
of old," to recount, not only His goodness, but the virtues of 
an ancestry, who, with many human infirmities and deep convic- 
tions of personal unworthiness, presented to the world the ex- 
ample of some of the rarest virtues, the illustration of some of 
the purest principles, and the exhibition of the most noble en- 
terprises, which the pen of history has yet recorded. 

With some, and those not only the aged, it is very common 
to expatiate on the virtues of the past generation, and the de- 
generacy of the present. Whether such views are always just, 
in every particular, is questionable. The human race, as a 
body, has certainly made progress in some departments of sci- 
ence and art, at various periods of its history. But to the mo- 
ralist, man remains the same. The advocates for " human per- 
fectibility," have yet to deduce from facts, their first sound 



argument, to establish their positions. With increased facilities 
for " knowing the right" there yet remains the indomitable dis- 
position to "pursue the wrong." Man, as a moral being, has 
received no modification of that natural temper which is so 
faithfully described in the word ol God, " The heart of man is 
deceitful above all things and desperately wicked." When, 
therefore, admitting the rapid progress of our race and nation in 
much which contributes to human knowledge, art and comfort , 
and rejoicing in the manifest evidence of the greater extent 
to which sound principles of truth are prevailing, the rapid dif- 
fusion of Gospel Light and privileges, and the astonishing re- 
sults of comparatively feeble instrumentality, in extending these 
blessings among the dark places of the earth , let us not deceive 
ourselves into the supposition, that the present generation, as 
individuals, afford better specimens of human nature, than our 
ancestors of '76 ; or that the communities composed of such 
individuals, have necessarily progressed in the knowledge and 
practice of sound moral principles, in any proportion to their 
progress in science and art. 

Indeed, we arc persuaded, that if ever people had reason to 
boast of an ancestry, we are the people. Some grow tired, 
with what they petulantly term, " the garrulity of age." Good 
manners, to say nothing of religion, should teach us better. 
The Bible says "honour the hoary head." It is a "crown of 
glory, when found in the way of Righteousness." And to 
whom should we look for aid to "remember the days of old," 
with better prospects of success, than to those, whom God, in his 
providence, has preserved, to declare his mighty acts, and tell 
of the abundance of his loving-kindness ? We are reminded, 
by the occasion which has, to-day, added such large numbers to 
our ordinary congregation, that such are passing away. Ano- 
ther of the Heroic band of the Revolution has been gathered to 
his Fathers. Few survive him of like age, and equal ability to 
inslruct us, in the history of the past. Few remain to say, I 
was at Valley Forge and Brandywine, Camden and York. 
Nearly all those who in the council or the field participated in 
the memorable contest ol 177G-S3, have long since "fallen on 
l( i p " Of nearly sixty signers of the Declaration of Indc- 



pendehce not one is alive, and of thirty-nine members of the 
Congress which adopted our Federal Constitution, there remain 
hut few, if any. Of those of the armies of the Revolution, 
who survive, many linger among us, barely living memorials of 
the past, unable, by reason of physical infirmity or mental imbe- 
cility, to communicate either amusement or instruction. Gen, 
Porterfield, by natural gifts, mental improvement, and an active 
participation in some of the most stirring scenes of the Revo- 
lution, together with the possession to an unusual degree, and 
for an uncommon period, of his intellectual powers, was pecu- 
liarly fitted to instruct us in the annals of the past ; while by 
his kind deportment and venerable years, he was eminently 
adapted to impress on our minds, his valuable instructions. 
With him, then, we have buried our most important aid in keep 
ing alive the recollection of our Fathers. We are no longer per- 
mitted to hear from his lips the never-tiring recital of the deeds 
and the words of the men of old. However delightful the pri 
vilege, it is ours no more ! 

Under the influence, then, of the solemn emotions, becoming 
this Holy day, and this sanctuary of the Most High ; impressed 
by a view of the decaying memorials of generations, who for a 
hundred years have worshipped on this spot ; affected by those 
tender sentiments, which the death of a revered and honored 
relative has aroused in the hearts of his descendants, those sym- 
pathies for the living felt by all, and that veneration and esteem 
which our venerated friend inspired while alive, and the regrel 
he occasioned in his death ; let us earnestly seek to fix in our 
minds, such a remembrance of the days of old, as will be for our 
lasting benefit, such as will supply, in some measure, the want 
of living admonitors by word and example, and such as will ex- 
cite us to a diligent emulation of the virtues of our Fathers, 
and a holy gratitude to God, for their legacy of sound principles, 
even more valuable, if accepted, than the incomparable Institu- 
tions, which they purchased and secured, by their wise counseb 
and their blood. 

I We co mint more appropriately honor the memory of our 
venerated friend, than by thus following the suggestion of the 
text, as now fully developed, in its application to us, With ac- 



customed modesty, he uniformly declined suggesting a text for 
his funeral sermon, and though requested by me, to do so, never 
undertook to give any instructions, relative to the melancholy 
service, I am, to-day, called to perform. But from acquaintance 
with his character, from the general tenor of his life, and from 
express and repeated declarations of his principles, I feel au- 
thorised to believe, that could his own wishes have been known, 
they would have coincided in my present purpose ; and however 
feebly that purpose may be executed, I am encouraged in the 
attempt, by the conviction, that while I honor the memory of a 
distinguished patriot, and gratify the dictates of my own feelings, 
I cannot make this occasion more redound to your benefit, than 
by presenting, in connexion with his name and character, and 
himself as a specimen of the generation to which he belonged, 
the Principles of the men of the Revolution. 

We have no apotheosis to celebrate. We deify no man nor 
set of men. We unhesitatingly admit, and grieve to remember, 
that all who counselled and all who fought, did not act on the 
same exalted principles of honor, patriotism, Christianity and 
morality. We claim no perfection for the best ; no entire ex- 
emption from the infirmities and sins, any more than from the 
ills, to which man, in his lapsed state, is the miserable heir. 
But we believe, that by recorded, solemn, deliberate acts of the 
highest council of the nation ; by the admitted character of the 
men who gave impress to the character of the age ; by the ac- 
tions of the most conspicuous leaders of those, whose prowess 
achieved and whose wisdom secured our National Independence; 
by the avowed sentiments of the men, who established our Fe~ 
deral Constitution ; and by the character of that public opinion, 
which sustained such men, such purposes and such acts, it may 
be easily proved, that our Forefathers not only acted on Princi- 
ples, but on Principles of true Patriotism, of honor and integrity, 
of Religion and of enlightened Liberty. 

1. They acted on Principles. By this, of course, I mean, 
that their motives were not the results of caprice or passion, 
their Resolutions were not the ebullitions of anger, nor the dic- 
tate of faction, their plans were not the immature conceptions 
oi visionary enthusiasts, and their acts, neither the spasmodic 



convulsions of rage, nor the fitful bursts of impotent malice or 
wounded pride. Nor were those men, in any sense, deliberate 
rebels against just authority. As British subjects they were 
prepared to yield to the Crown of England all proper service 
when rightfully demanded, and they did yield it. Whether 
called to repel French invasions, or punish Indian perfidy, the 
colonists repeatedly evinced, at once their courage, loyalty and 
patriotism. But they were the descendants of those, who had, 
successfully or unsuccessfully, contended for the blessings of 
civil and religious liberty. The early emigrants to America 
were, in part, Refugees from civil or ecclesiastical tyranny, or 
both, in England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Holland and Ger- 
many, and in part, those who sought this new world, to enjoy, 
without molestation or fear of change, those Rights of conscience, 
which were of uncertain tenure across the Atlantic. The prin- 
ciples they brought to the land of their adoption were those, 
which for three centuries in Britain, and more than one on the 
continent had, violently or silently, been undermining the an- 
cient thrones of despotism in Church and State. From the age 
of the weak minded John, to the period of the English Revolu- 
tion, there had been a constant contest between arbitrary power 
and popular Rights. The former had continually lost and the 
latter gained ; but what was lost, was only yielded when no 
struggles could retain it, and what was gained, was at the cost 
of some of the best blood of England, and the loss of some of 
the best subjects of the British Crown. The Reformation of 
Religion encouraged and promoted, or engendered those sound 
principles of civil and religious liberty, which constitute the 
glory of our political Institutions. But both in England and on 
the continent, the effort to repress the growth of free principles, 
became more energetic, as their operation became more extend- 
ed. Charles I. lost his crown and his head, a Martyr to his 
arbitrary principles, while thousands of his subjects lost life 
and property, and thousands more surrendered home and coun- 
try, contending for the fundamental principle of popular free- 
dom, " the voice of the people must be heard in the Govern- 
ment." "It has been said, that our 'Adam and Eve came 
out of Newgate.' If so, it was because that prison had been 

2 



10 

crowded with the best men of their day.' 1 Yes, our ancesti 
whether English, Scotch, Irish, Dutch, French or German, was 
mostly composed of Refugees, but Refugees from Oppression, 
not from Justice ; of Exiles, but Exiles for unquenchable vir- 
tue, not for crime ; of Convicts, but Convicts of resistance to 
arbitrary power, not of violation of righteous Laws. It is rea- 
dily seen, that the descendants of such men, imbibing their prin- 
ciples with their own first perceptions, would not readily yield 
to any attempt to oppress them, however slight the occasion. 
To be taxed five pence or five pounds, without representation, 
involved alike, in their estimation, the destruction of their Rights 
as freemen. To be compelled to sustain a creed, which they 
approved or disapproved, was alike, to them, a violation of the 
Rights of conscience. They took up arms, not to gain, but de- 
fend, their freedom ; not to oppress or conquer others, but to 
sustain themselves. It was on Principles, long cherished, fully 
weighed, clearly understood and dearly loved Principles, they 
opposed the arrogant claims of a corrupt Ministry, a pensioned 
parliamentary majority, and a vain, ill-advised monarch. It 
was on Principles held as their birthright, they volunteered, ill 
supported, meanly equipped, barely armed, with troops of raw, 
undisciplined militia, or untrained continental recruits, to en- 
counter the well appointed Regiments of England's Armies. It 
was on Principles, not on expediency, nor on compromises with 
tyranny, they laid the foundation of a nation, when they disco- 
vered their Rights, as colonies, were disregarded ; and amidst 
discouragements the most appalling, difficulties the most over- 
whelming, and trials the most depressing, they pressed forward 
to the attainment of their ends. 

2. In suggesting some of those Principles of our Revolu- 
tionary Fathers, to which it is profitable to direct your attention, 
I am embarrassed, on the one hand, by the want of time to do 
every topic justice, and on the other, by the unsuitableness of 
tome, for a very extended notice on such an occasion and in 
this place. I cannot, however, be persuaded, that it is unbe- 
fitting the solemnities of this day or the nature of my office, in 
a few words, to remind you of the principles of Patriot' 
Honor , Industry and Simplicity, on which tho^e men acted . 



li 

while mainly endeavoring to set before your minds, a view of 
their sentiments on Religion and Religious Liberty. 

Seldom has the world witnessed greater sacrifices, more single- 
hearted devotion, and untiring zeal, in any cause, than was 
evinced, by our ancestry, in securing our Liberties. Whether 
by contributions of property, risk of Life, or that which is dearer, 
Reputation, ihey uniformly present the most conclusive evidences 
of the possession of most exalted patriotic motive. When call- 
ed to the council or the field, they obeyed ; and yet we read of 
no indecent haste to run before they were called. There was 
honor attached to their office, but there was danger too. He 
who, to-day, might be haranguing a popular Assembly, the Con- 
tinental or State Legislature, on the Rights of the colonies, or, 
sword in hand, with his ragged half-armed Volunteers, charging 
on some British Regiment, might to-morrow, be in the hold of 
a Prison-ship or swinging to the gibbet. We read of no time- 
serving demagogues, no fair spoken, loud tongued declaimer for 
the votes of the people, no self-seeking, over-reaching, grasping, 
ambitious leader of a party. Oh no ! there was one end ; their 
country's — one motive ; a desire to serve, not to rule her — one 
party ; Freedom's Band against the world — one glorious, anima- 
ting contest, to outstrip each other in patriotic deeds — one no- 
ble achievement; the foundation of a nation — exciting all, en- 
couraging all, arming all with unshaken fortitude, persevering 
labor, unconquerable bravery, inextinguishable zeal. I should 
delight to tell you of that most venerable of all Assemblies, the 
old Continental Congress. Oh, how it should warm our affec- 
tion for our Fathers and awaken gratitude to God, to remember 
that chosen Band ! How should our cheeks be suffused with 
shame, to reflect that some of our modern Hotspurs, bloated 
sots, fierce, angry, contentious, abusive, swearing, gambling, 
ambitious Demagogues, call themselves the successors of Han- 
cock and Adams, Witherspoon and Wythe, Carrol and Harri- 
son, Franklin and Lee ! How solemn their Assemblies, when 
men spoke bold, daring words, doubtful whether a Patriot's 
fame, or a Traitor's fate awaited them ! How did the lip qui- 
ver, and almost refuse to utter the dictate of the heart, when 
the bold proposition to sever the band uniting the colonies to 



12 

England, was discussed ! It is said, when assembled on the 
4th July, 1776, to sign that Instrument, for many minutes a 
solemn stillness reigned throughout the house. None moved, 
none spoke. Yet those men were not alarmed. No ! they 
were oppressed with the sense of the solemn, almost awful res- 
ponsibility which they incurred. They were determined, and 
the more so, because they were deliberate. They were delibe- 
rate, and the more so, because they were serious. And it was 
in this spirit, the great body of those who participated in that 
memorable contest, thought and acted. 

I had intended to say nothing on this occasion of the courage 
and patriotism of our Fathers, as illustrated in the camp and on 
the bloody field of battle. But I cannot forbear a brief allusion 
to the career of one, whose name and connexion have introduced 
to my notice, his generally unknown and unappreciated character. 

Of two sons of a gentleman of Frederick county, the eldest 
embarked in the cause of American freedom, on the first alarm 
which echoed through the land from the cannon of Lexington 
and Bunker Hill. He sustained from the first, a high reputa- 
tion for all those virtues, which distinguish the patriot warrior. 
In the attack on Quebec, he won a most eminent fame, though 
destined, by the errors of others, to a painful captivity in re- 
ward for his courage. After release, he again volunteered in 
his country's service, and by numerous instances of distinguish- 
ed valor in the sphere which he occupied, rapidly rose to dis- 
tinction. By the death of his Father, placed in possession of 
considerable property, after providing for his sisters, he invested 
his all in money and embarked it in his country's cause. He 
fell at the battle of Camden, mortally wounded. Robbed of his 
papers and money, he was unable during his days of decline, to 
furnish his executors with the evidence of his claims, or even 
administer to his own wants. A generous enemy supplied his 
necessities, and after a protracted season of suffering from his 
wound, in the effort to reach Charleston, travelling with his bro- 
ther and servant, he died on the banks of the Santee. His 
country supplied a grave, his brother averted from his fame the 
reputation of having owed to charity the comforts of a sick and 
dying bed, but for his active services, his patriotic zeal, his ge- 



13 

nerous devotion to the cause of American freedom ; this pool 
tribute of one, but lately a stranger to his name, is all his me- 
mory has received. Col. Porteiifield conferred distinction on his 
native State, on his country, on her armies; to this time that 
country has hesitated to acknowledge the claims of his heirs, to 
what justice, to say nothing of gratitude, should long since have 
granted. 

3. Let us remember the Honor, Simplicity and Industry 
which marked the character of our Fathers. 

There may have been, in the army, some misled by that false 
code of honor, which values the mere puff of a depraved public 
sentiment, and the dictate of a gothic spirit, more highly than 
the Law of God and man, the ties of friendship or the tender 
endearments of the domestic circle. But such men were rare. 
The honor, of which I speak, was evinced both in public and 
private life, by a strict regard for truth, and an honest discharge 
of all obligations. In those days, neither the character nor 
name [in the modern acceptation] of Defaulter, was known, and 
our Fathers lived and died in blissful ignorance of that new 
mode of paying national debts and securing absolution from so- 
lemn contracts, called Repudiation. True, their almost empty 
coffers afforded few temptations to the defrauder, but their mo- 
netary agents, far from evincing a grasping avarice for what was 
their country's, oftener sacrified their property to aid her cause. 

We love to dwell on the frugal, simple and industrious habits 
of those worthy men. And yet it deserves remark, that those 
who most diligently cultivated such habits, were the least charge- 
able with a species of modern frugality, consisting in withhold- 
ing donations to charitable objects; a species of modern simpli- 
city, curtailing those expenses, which promote moral improve- 
ment ; and a species of industry, too common in our day, work- 
ing seven days instead of six of every week. 

Labor was then esteemed no disgrace, whether it were labor 
with the hand or of the head. Schemes of rapid accumulation 
by a species of gambling called Speculation in Lands and in 
Stocks, trading on a capital twice or thrice the value of the es- 
tate, on which it was borrowed, and living in luxury at the ex- 
pense of creditors, were all undiscovered modes of procuring or 



14 

exhibiting wealth. The device of increasing property by break 
ing, and growing rich while ostensibly poor, were equally among 
the unresolved mysteries of a future day. " Hard hands and 
brawny arms, the dingy workshop and dusty field, soiled and 
weather-stained garments, on which mother earth had embroi- 
dered her own honors," were not then considered the marks of 
disgrace, when connected with honest, brave hearts, pure life 
and christian conduct; but rather the insignia of true nobility, 
the trophies of manly achievement. Nor was it alone dislike to 
England which then inhibited the foolish aping of foreign man- 
ners, and the contemptible fondness for swaggering Lords, up- 
start authors, mustachioed Counts, or penniless, profitless Barons, 
which have so disgraced boasted Republican Americans. Whim- 
pering sentimentalism, affected graces and superficial accomplish- 
ments were not the adornings of our mothers, nor idleness and 
extravagance the attributes of gentility among our fathers. 

4. I proceed to offer some illustrations of the religious Prin- 
ciples of the men of the Revolution. And here in the abun- 
dance of materials offered for my use, I find myself at a loss to 
select and present with necessary brevity, even the most brief. 

Of the piety of Gen. Washington, we have scarcely room for 
the least doubt. In private life, he lived a christian, according 
to the most uniform testimony. During his military career, ha- 
rassed and perplexed by the immense and arduous duties of his 
station, he found time for the service of God, in secret. He 
was no stranger to his public worship. He looked with child- 
like confidence to the God of nations, to imbue him with wis- 
dom and strengthen his arm. Among others, our deceased 
friend has left the testimony of personal observation and know- 
ledge, to the truth of these statements. But I shall not under- 
take, by the exhibition of individual characters, to illustrate the 
position before us. While w r e should find many lamentable op- 
posites to the pious character of Gen. Washington and others, it 
may be clearly established, that the public sentiment of the day 
was deeply religious, and not merely religious, it was christian. 
The official documents emanating from the Commander-in-Chief 
and from the Old Congress, even regarded as insincere, (which 
few however are disposed to assert) must still constitute conclu- 



15 

sive confirmations oi the christian sentiments of the people at 
large. For even supposing few or none of those, who held the 
language, about to be quoted, were sincere in its use ; that they 
did hold it, and that in their most solemn official declarations, 
evinces a conviction on their part, that it was agreeable to the 
people. I believe they were sincere, that is, the larger part, — 
that the Congress as a body, and Gen. Washington and his im- 
mediate advisers and associates, were deeply imbued with ge- 
nuine heartfelt piety. 

Not to tire your patience, with extensive quotations from the 
various documents before the public, I shall select a few, most 
emphatically confirming the truth of the position now taken. 
When resigning his command of the Army, Gen. Washington 
says, " I accepted the office with diilidence in myself, but with 
confidence in the patronage of Heaven, and my gratitude for the 
Interposition of Providence, increases with every review of the 
momentous contest." In his inaugural address, he avows his 
" fervent supplications to that Almighty Being, who rules the 
Universe, who presides over the councils of nations, and whose 
providential aids can supply every human defect, that His Be- 
nediction may consecrate the liberties and happiness of the peo- 
ple of the United States and enable every instru- 
ment employed in the administration of the government, to exe- 
cute with success, the functions allotted to his charge." lit 
assures himself that in this homage to God, he expresses the 
sentiments of the Legislature and the people. He records his 
solemn belief, that every step by which " the people had ad- 
vanced to the character of an independent nation, had been dis- 
tinguished by some providential agency." 

The Continental Congress, among the earliest important en- 
actments, appointed a " day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer 
to Almighty God, that the Colonies might ever be under the 
care and protection of a kind Providence ; that America might 
soon behold a gracious interposition of Heaven." "And," 
says Ramsay the Historian, "since the Fast of the Ninevitcs, 
perhaps there has not been one, which was more generally kept 
with suitable dispositions, than that of July 20th, 1775. It \\ as 
no formal service, The whole body of the people felt the im 



16 

portance, the weight and danger of the unequal contest in which 
they were about to engage ; that every thing clear to them was 
at stake ; and that a divine blessing alone, would carry them 
through it, successfully. This blessing they implored with their 
whole soul ; impressed with an humble confidence in the mercy 
and goodness of that Being who had planted and preserved 
them hitherto, amid many dangers, , in the wilderness of the new 
world." It was no mere formality that the signers of the De- 
claration of Independence used, when they expressed " their 
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence" and so- 
lemnly appealed from the decisions of earthly potentates, to the 
supreme judgment of the King of Kings and Lord of Lord:;, 
on the purity of their motives and rectitude of their intentions. 
Two years after the appointment of " the Day of Fasting 
and Prayer" the Congress unanimously adopted a Preamble and 
Resolutions appointing a day for " solemn Thanksgiving and 
praise," from which, a few disjointed extracts will fully bear out 
the character, already assigned the authors of the Instrument. 
" It is the duty of all men, to adore the superintending Provi- 
dence of Almighty God, to acknowledge, with gratitude, their 
obligations to him, for benefits received, and to implore such 
further blessings as they stand in need of: And it having 

pleased him in his abundant mercy, to smile on us in 

the prosecution of a just and necessary war, for the defence 

and establishment of our inalienable Rights and Liberties 

to prosper the means used for the support of our troops, and to 
crown our arms with the most signal success : It is therefore 
recommended to the Legislative or Executive Powers of these 
United States, to set apart Thursday, 18th December next, for 

solemn Thanksgiving and praise that the good people 

may express the grateful feelings of their hearts, and consecrate 

themselves to the service of their Divine Benefactor may 

join [to this] the penitent confession of their manifold sins, 

and their earnest and humble supplication that it may please 
God, through Jesus Christ, mercifully to forgive and blot them 

out from remembrance That it may please him to 

prosper the trade and manufactures of the people, and the labor 
of the husbandman ..... and the mean; of Religion, for the 



11 

promotion and enlargement of that Kingdom, which consisietfc 
in Righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Ghost." Once 
more, in the minutes of this venerable body for October 12th 5 
1778, there occurs the following noble expression of sentiment, 
" Whereas true Religion and good morals, are the only solid 
foundation of public liberty and happiness : Resolved that it be, 
and it is hereby earnestly recommended to the several States, to 
take the most effective measures for the encouragement thereof, 
and for the suppression of theatrical entertainments , horse-ra- 
cing, gaming and such other diversions as are productive of idle- 
nessj dissipation j and a general depravity of principles and man- 
nm." Such documents can hardly be expected from our pre- 
sent Legislatures, either State or National. They would now 
perhaps excite the derision of many : but such should remem 
ber that they themselves are accustomed to honor these men foi 
their wisdom, courage, prudence, zeal and patriotism. Here we 
see the secret source of these virtues — " They trusted in God. 1 ' 
Let men deride and mock: it has been well observed, "Had 
our forefathers been less puritanical, we had been less free.' 1 

In view of the conflicts of party, the animosities and jealous- 
ies of opposing factions, the embarrassments of our affairs, the 
venality and corruption of too many in high places, the trucu- 
lency and slavishness of aspiring demagogues, the violence and 
brutality of mobs, the contempt for sound principles of morality, 
and pure, undefiled religion, openly professed by many, and 
practically evinced by nearly all in power ; the frauds, the em 
bezzlements and the wasting, practised by monetary agents of 
Government, and the sad prospects of the future ; is it not our 
duty and our privilege to fly to the Hope of the whole Earth, to 
look for help to the King of Kings, to cast, in humble believing 
confidence, the destinies of our beloved land on Him, who was 
the God of our Fathers, and should be our God and our Guide ? 
Oh that there were a heart in the people to ponder these things — - 
to " cease from man whose breath is in his nostrils" and make 
the God of Israel their strength and their salvation ! 

5. Our forefathers were not only religiously disposed them- 
selves, and, as we firmly believe, many of them, personally, de- 
cidedly and fervently pious ;— but they were firm defenders and 

3 



18 

faithful expositors of the Rights of conscience. All denomuia 
lions of christians shared in the common danger and the com 
mon labor. Remembering that most galling yoke of British 
tyranny, that mitigated, but not destroyed, remnant of oppres- 
sion and papal imposition, a Church Establishment, with its ex- 
action of support for a creed they did not receive, and a worship 
they could not practise ; — they determined, that by constitution- 
al provision, no right of conscience, respecting Religion, fret 
dom of speech, the press, or of petition, should ever be cm 
tailed or impeded by any legislative enactment. It is important 
to observe, that although a few individuals were found, espe- 
• icily in the State of Virginia, (which had had experience oi 
some of the benefits and evils of an Established Church,) some- 
what disposed to modified forms of a union of Church and 
State, and in Massachusetts, in which a very great uniformity 
of creed, removed some of the chief obstacles to a support of 
religion by Law; yet the great body of the people, most reso- 
lutely insisted on securing to all, full rights of conscience, im- 
parting to no man nor set of men the power of " lording it over 
God's heritage." The Presbyterian and (out of the Establish- 
ment in Virginia) the Episcopal clergy, — though naturally sup- 
posed by many, to sympathize with an institution in which then 
respective maternal churches of Scotland and England, were so 
nearly interested ; — so far from opposing, sustained the political 
action on this important subject. The Presbytery of Hanover, 
ihen comprising in its bounds, nearly all the Presbyterian clergy 
and churches of Virginia, in four or five able and eloquent me- 
morials to the Virginia Legislature, not only deprecated all Lt 
gislative interference in matters of faith, but on the agitation of 
some Bill, proposing to incorporate the ministers of Religid 
the various denominations, then prevalent, and by general as- 
sessment, provide for their support — the Presbytery most deci- 
dedly and unanimously entered its solemn protest. These im- 
portant papers are in the office of the Clerk of the House of 
Delegates of Virginia. They have been published, but are too 
long for any thing farther than \\n> reference. Such were the 
entiments oi oui forefathers generally, throughout the Uni< 
d we beli< peak the language oi all Evan 



tentant Christians now, when we say such are still our sentim 

II. But time would fail me, and your patience be exhausted, 
by presenting any farther illustrations of the principles of the 
men, who wrought our national deliverance. Let rae now brief- 
ly present, in the life and character of Gen. Porterfield, a 
specimen of those men, and the operation of those principles, 
which I have feebly attempted to pourtray. 

His life, though long, presents but few very striking histori 
cal reminiscences. Of his birth, parentage and education, but 
little need be said. He boasted of no nobility, and needed to 
boast of none, higher than that, which his life illustrated. His 
family depended, for respectability, on no empty titles, conferred 
by vain conceited princes, to prop the factitious dignity of 
thrones, based in blood, robbery and oppression. To say he 
was born on the 22nd February, 1752, in the county of Frede- 
rick, one of four children, two sons and two daughters, who sur- 
vived their parents, inheriting from them, a moderate sufficiency 
of this world's goods; a name unsullied by disgrace, and hon 
by the best of reputations, that of the unbought, but 
ndeserved esteem of those who knew them ; and princi- 
ples of virtuous conduct, sufficient, if practised, to continue 
them in the possession of their heritage, — to say this, is to say 
ill, that the scanty materials to be gathered after the lapse of 
nearly a century, enable me to say : and yet this is enough 
Had parents been less virtuous, less honest, less worthy, the 
son might have been all he was, with no reflection on his cha 
racter, by reason of their infirmity. Had they been, of all man 
kind, the purest and best, their virtue could not have wiped from 
a degenerate son, one spot of any moral impurity, by which h<= 
might have polluted himself. 

He entered the army 1776, and remained rising in reputation 
and rank till the capture of the American forces at Charleston, 
when he was destined to exchange service in his country's cause 
with prospects of personal honor and glory for suffering a pain- 
ful captivity. Let us never forget, that such suffering is equally, 
if not more fully, declarative of genuine patriotism, and as 
worthy, if not more worthy of our grateful remembrance, than 
the active and brilliant career of the successful warrior, The 



20 

captive pines in tedious and often degrading confinement with 
nothing to alleviate his condition arising from reflections on the 
personal fame and glory of his life ; while the fortunate soldier, 
for all his hardships has a consolation and support, in Ihe double 
motive of contributing to his own and his country's glory, ami 
honor and safety. 

After the war, he removed to this county, where he formed a 
large circle of friends and acquaintances, was often honored by 
the marks of esteem tendered by his fellow-citizens, and, though 
it may have been the misfortune of some, either to have been 
incapable of appreciating him or ignorant of his value, none of 
those who knew, failed to respect and honor, if not to love him. 
He was a patriot, such as I have endeavored to describe. 
Through life, whether in public or in private, he bore, for him- 
self, by his conduct, one uniform testimony, that the ends at 
which he aimed, were those of his country's welfare. At the 
call of that country, in peace, he performed, with marked fideli- 
ty and interest, the duties of a magistrate, and when age dis- 
qualified him longer to serve, personally, he aided his jurs 01 ^ in 
office, by his counsel to them and the influence of his exans^ 
on the public sentiment. When war once more threatened de- 
solation to our land, he readily offered himself to aid in perpe 
tuating, as he had aided in securing, our National Rights. 
Through a long and severe, but to him, by party ascendancy, 
unsuccessful political contest, party scrutiny could find nothing 
in his character, on which, its malignity, even had it existed, 
might delight to dwell. He was a gentleman. He was em- 
phatically a good specimen of a race of men, — leaving, it is to 
be feared, more descendants than successors, — who were polite 
without hypocrisy, sensitive without fastidiousness, genteel, 
without foppery, candid without rudeness, hospitable without 
ostentation, condescending without meanness, kind without flat- 
tery, generous without extravagance, and economical without 
penuriousness. His was the gentility of a Virginia gentleman, 
when the name was an honorable appellation, and not a mere 
complimentary epithet. 

As parent, husband, master, those who had reason to know 
him best, need no eulogy at my hands, and the sanctity of do- 



21 

mestic relations may not be disturbed, when public opinion can 
be satisfied as to what does not concern the public, by the full 
satisfaction afforded in what does. 

With all his estimable qualities, in the performance of all hi: 
duties, in the consciousness of his well-founded claims on the 
approbation of his fellow-men ; he yet " thought on his ways'' 
in the Judgment of an Omniscient eye, and realizing his condi 
tion in His sight, as a helpless lost sinner, fled for Refuge and 
Help to the " Hope set before him in the Gospel." He profess 
ed several years since the experience of a renewed heart, and 
the enjoyment of peace of conscience, assurance of God's 
Love and hope of final acceptance through the merits and medi- 
ation of Jesus Christ. He united himself to this Church, and 
continued to his death, consistently with his profession, a Chris- 
tian and a Presbyterian. He loved the Church of his choice, 
her scriptural doctrines, her simple modes of worship, her Re- 
publican form of Government, but he was no bigot. His was 
an intelligent choice and he could afford to be liberal. His faith 
was not a mere speculation, nor was his confession merely or- 
thodox. He added his personal testimony to that of the men 
of his generation, to the value of the Gospel of Christ, and ever 
diligently impressed on others, reverence for the authority and 
obedience to the commands of God. His last appearance in 
the house of God, (a few Sabbaths previous to his death,) was 
rendered memorable in the minds of all who saw him, by his 
audible testimony of his appreciation of sentiments, on the ob- 
ligation of the Sabbath law, and the blessings it confers, which 
the preacher expressed. Long may this community enjoy the 
recollection of his virtues and the influence of his example. 

III. It remains forme to close this discourse, with a few prac- 
tical remarks, suggested by topics, now presented to your con- 
sideration. 

i. We should be mindful, that the permanency and purity of 
our political institutions, must depend on the will and character 
of the people. 

We call ours a government of laws, but of what force is a 
law, to one, who is at once law-giver and subject, beyond his 
own will r 



,ay be, that a written and recorded purpose is properly 
egarded as possessing, formally, a more binding power, than 
mere assertion ; but, morally, llie one is as binding as the other. 
As with individuals, so with communities. The law is an ex- 
pression of popular will. 

We infer the character of our forefathers from their institutions. 
It remains to be seen how far those institutions correctly declare 
the character of their posterity. When the popular will becomes 
corrupt, the best laws and constitution remain a dead letter, are 
set aside by mobs, or formally displaced, for legalized exposi- 
tions of error and authoritative decisions of wickedness. Let 
principles, opposed to those of our forefathers, take possession 
of the popular mind, let irreligion and infidelity succeed piety and 
the fear of God, selfish and party motives usurp the place of 
patriotism ; let men become enamored of a religion of mere 
form and show, which substitutes devotion to a saint, for the 
worship of God, and makes obedience to a Foreign Prince, ob- 
ligation paramount to all other, let the moral restraints of the 
Bible be sundered, and men permitted to follow the dictates ol 
inclination; then you may give written constitutions and libra- 
ries of laws to the flames. All history proves, that men cannot 
be controlled without religion of some sort, unless it be by the 
strong hand of Tyranny ; and that, unless that religion be that 
of God's revealed word, it ever will become the colleague of 
superstition, and the subservient tool of demagogues and des- 
pots. Already have wc had fearful illustrations of the truth of 
these remarks, in the insubordination of some portions of our 
country. — When the wicked bear rule the land mourneth, and it 
matters not whether the wicked be one or ten thousand Rulers. 
l[ our institutions are preserved in practice as well as theory, 
the people of this country must be virtuous as well as intelligent. 
Mere civilization, the progress of science, the improvements in 
art, the extension of commerce, the perfection of machinery, 
will but advance men in wealth, to enervate them by luxury, and 
condense our population in vast masses of commercial and ma- 
nufacturing communities, to fret and ferment in their own cor- 
rupting intercourse, and exhale the fetid effluvia of every moral 
abomination. Unrestrained by moral principles, undirected by 



sound Bible truth, the people ot this country, by all then in 
crease in numbers, wealth and prosperity, will find the veryiun- 
rlamental institutions of liberty perverted to their destruction. 
The right of suffrage will become the high road to power, for 
men of lieentious principles and ambitious designs, to " wither 
with their frowns, and bruise with their iron feet our fair inheri- 
tance." Liberty of conscience, will be but a liberty to violate 
all law, human and divine, and to substitute the riotin 
anarchy for the regularity of peace and good order, and the will 
of infuriated mobs, for the constitutional decisions of upright 
judges. Freedom of speech and the press, will only serve to 
agitate the elements of society, with the bitterness and rancoui 
of party spirit, the mutual denunciations of the most flagitious ; 
till the public sense of propriety, decency, honor, politeness and 
purity, shall have been blunted, and men shall be prepared to 
witness with the insensibility of brutes, relieved only by a pue- 
rile curiosity, the most terrible scenes of outrageous cruelty, 
bloodshed, and oppression. Let us then remember our Fatln i 
and seek to preserve, by the constant inculcation and practice of 
their principles, the valuable legacy of their labors, their prayers 
and their wisdom. 

2. Let us ever observe the proper distinction between tin 
htical and ecclesiastical interests of society. Our venerated 
friend, in the only publication from his pen which I was ever per 
milted to see, has presented us the proper view of this subject. 
Let the State ibster and protect the Institutions of the Gospel ; 
let the Church yield to good Laws and sound principles of Jus- 
tice, her constant support. Because Church and State are dis- 
united, they are not independent of each other. Let us guard 
carefully against the error, to which some have been driven, in 
presenting as hostile interests, the governments of men and the 
government of God. True Religion, in its precepts and prac 
tices, is the best morality — no man, imbued with the Spirit of 
Christ, becomes a worse citizen, in any relation of life. But 
while we believe it a duty of patriotism, as well rs Religion, to 
aid in promulgating the truths of the Gospel, the Stat< 
must guard with a jealous eye, every tendency to a union, whi< h 
has uniiormly subji n.enlo the impositions ■■! impostui 



24 

dictates of spiritual despotism, and the exactions of insatiable 
avarice. I fear some signs of the times. — I fear the overween- 
ing spirit of the Roman Jesuit. — I confess, I tremble for my 
country, when, by the machinations of one, and the mere re- 
quest of another of the Emissaries of Rome, the Bible, the bul- 
wark of our morality, the basis of our Laws, the charter of the 
rights of conscience, is discarded from the public schools of 
two of the largest cities oi our Union. Let none construe this 
as a specimen of religious bigotry. That God has his people 
among the professed followers of the Pope, I have no doubt, — 
but I have as little, that the unchanging and unchangeable tem- 
per of the Jesuit, is evinced in the present schemes of the Roman 
Catholic Hierarchy in our Land. Rome can afford to conform to 
any Government, and adopt the peculiar spirit of any age, for the 
great principle of Jesuitical devices is summed up in " Oaths 
with Mental Reservation," and " no Faith to be kept with Here- 
tics." The facts of recent occurrence in New York and Phila 
delphia, shew what Rome is, when she has the power, to over 
throw our liberties, and how soon the power may be hers, none 
can say : " The price of Liberty is Eternal Vigilance." 

3. Our subject, to-day, in connexion with the brief notices of 
Gen. Portekfield, instructs us in the value of the Gospel. 

Godliness is indeed profitable for all things. The principles 
of faith and practice, revealed in this blessed book, can alone 
conduct man safely through time, can alone open to him the en 
during source of Eternal felicity, when time shall be no more. 

Guided by them, man is happier in the humblest sphere, al 
lotted by God, than he can be, without them, in the loftiest. 
Their possession adds weight to character, firmness to resolution, 
and energy to enterprise. They invest man with a dignity be- 
coming his origin, and commensurate with the aspirations of his 
immortal soul. They impart security to our rights, faithfulness 
to Rulers, obedience to the ruled, order to society, peace to com- 
munities, and to every individual, fully under their control, that 
priceless possession, a contented spirit. But if, " in this life 
only, we have hope, we are of all men most miserable." Re- 
ligion confers all its temporal blessings as meie incidental results 
of the great purpose oi its Revelation, It derives all the conso- 



25 

lations, by which it soothes in adversity, sustains in affliction, and 
gladdens in prosperity, from the unseen and " Eternal weight of 
Glory," to which its promises direct the eye of the christian. 
We are furnished in the closing years of our venerable patriot, 
an instructive lesson on its power over calamities, which few 
know by experience, and none can otherwise properly estimate — 
calamities, whose experience can never instruct others to endure 
them, and for which, the greatest moralist of antiquity, in one 
of his most celebrated essays, vainly endeavors to offer allevia- 
tion ; — I mean of course, the calamities of old age. Long since 
he had reached that period when he seldom greeted a cotempo- 
rary of his youth. For many years he had enjoyed the occa- 
sional company of his old friends, or his compatriots in arms, 
but latterly, he stood amongst us almost alone, as the represen- 
tative of his generation and his station in the Army. Had he 
died fifteen years ago, he had died an old man and full of 
years ; he had then fulfilled the allotted period of human life. 
Few linger so long as he did. Old men called him an old man, 
and the middle aged said " he was old, when we first knew 
him." He had seen three generations of our race. He con- 
nected us with men whose names are known to us in histories 
published long before our birth, and with events, whose record 
has already become defaced by time. He had survived the 
partner of his bosom, longer than the average period of human 
life. Of all his cotemporaries, not one of his family, had now, 
for several years, remained to cheer his solitude. Long since 
he had buried from his own house, her, who had rewarded his 
fraternal protection and love, by the tender and care- assuaging 
assiduities of sisterly affection. By reason of their own age 
and infirmities, the visits of old soldiers had become fewer and 
farther between, till the last venerable relic of his early friends, 
paused for the last time on his threshold and with trembling 
knees and palsied tongue and feeble hands, the final adieus of 
earth were pronounced. His own infirmities increased, as his 
comforts decayed. Even the affection of children and grand- 
children could contribute but little, to relieve sorrows, of which 
they could know nothing, or remove griefs of whose effects only, 
they could be informed, What natural sympathy can there be 

4 



26 

between the vigor of mature life or the joyousness of youth, 
and the decrepitude of age ? That he valued the efforts of his 
affectionate offspring, whenever made, to impart cheerfulness to 
his solitary hearth, peace to his mind, not yet quiet under the 
pains of bereavement and the accumulated cares of a long life, 
and comfort to a body waxing feeble by disease and often more 
a source of grief than of happiness ; that he was rejoiced by all 
of tenderness, care and filial respect and kindness evinced, none 
knew so well as they who saw the cheerful smile with which he 
greeted, or the tearful regret with which he parted from them. 
But none knew better than he, that no earthly affection, how- 
ever pure and tender, could successfully administer to the sor- 
rows of an old man, bending under the pains and infirmities of 
fourscore years and ten. His eye had grown dim, his voice was 
feeble, his hand trembled with age, his feet and ankles grew 
weak, his palate refused to taste, his ear grew tired with hearing, 
desire had failed, "the silver cord was loosed, the golden bowl 
broken, the pitcher was broken at the fountain, and the wheel at 
the cistern." Food failed to nourish as well as to gratify. 
Reading ceased to instruct by reason of a decaying memory, 
and almost ceased to amuse, by reason of the melancholy con- 
viction, that it could no longer instruct. The affairs of the 
neighborhood, the news of the day, had but little interest for 
one w r ho had outlived his cotemporaries, and to whom most of 
the present generation were unknown, or only known by their 
ancestors. 

With so many bodily infirmities, aggravated by the gradual 
undermining of an incurable disease, his chief, if not only bodily 
pleasure, arose from the temporary alleviation of suffering, pro- 
vided by the skill and tender care of his physician. For many 
years his greatest mental pleasure had been, to recall and detail 
to willing auditors, the interesting scenes of his youth and man- 
hood. But this resource of amusement to the aged, gradually 
failed. His own narratives lost interest to himself by repetition, 
however interesting to others. He never desired death, however 
tired with life's toils and sorrows, and uniformly expressed his 
cordial submission to the will of Him who gave, to be exercised, 
in taking what he gave, at His own good pleasure. And yet, 



27 

with all the aggravations of his infirmities, and all the diminu- 
tion of his comforts, he was not an unhappy man. What then 
was the source of his consolation, the basis of his happiness ? 
He was a Christian. Yes my hearer, this blessed Gospel can 
shed its consolations around that dreary winter of Life, infirm 
old age, when the supplies diligently sown in spring, nurtured 
in summer, and matured in autumn, no longer administer com- 
fort. Earth may be barren, " friend after friend depart," happy 
associations be changed to sources of misery and regret, the 
keener by as much as once they afforded a greater degree of de- 
light ; each limb, each sense, each faculty, become but the me- 
dium through which grief assails the sufferer ; but when " flesh 
and heart fail," he who has made God his refuge and leaned for 
support on the Redeemer of God's people, can say, God is the 
strength of my heart and my portion forever. Though each 
chosen source of earthly pleasure may have failed and all the 
springs of comfort be frozen, there is One who assures us " I 
will never leave thee nor forsake thee. Even down to gray 
hairs, lam He. Such, my hearer, were the consolations which 
it was the privilege of our venerated friend to enjoy. What a 
precious Faith, how rich this Gospel in all necessary to make 
our sorrows less ! But it is not exhausted. Its blessings are 
still abundant. God is rich in Mercy to all that call on Him, to 
all that call on Him in sincerity and truth. Though millions 
have been supplied at this fountain, its streams are sufficient for 
millions more. To the young, the middle aged, and the aged, 
it says, " Come ye to the waters, yea come, buy wine and milk, 
without money and without price." " Whosoever will, let him 
come and take of the water of Life freelv." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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